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Space in a Changing Environment: a European Point of View

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The development of European space activities has long been pursued under the framework of the European Space Agency and other national space agencies. More recently, the emergence of the European Union as a new actor for space has paved the way for a series of initiatives and opportunities.

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However, the European space policy still does not promote a consistent and successful European space strategy. A first difficulty is to decide how to balance diversity and unity amongst European space-faring nations. Additionally, Europe must define reasons, goals, and above all values for its space program.

In order to outline possible future solutions, this paper reviews a series of significant case studies. It looks first at the motivation of different European actors: from the French model of autonomy to the British market-based model and the German cooperative model. It then considers different cooperation mechanisms: the ESA type, the EU type and the international program type.

 

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978-2-36567-364-8

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Space in a Changing Environment: a European Point of View

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China-Russia Cooperation in Space: The Reality behind the Speeches

Date de publication
08 December 2022
Accroche

China-Russia cooperation in space has been increasing for the past two decades. This cooperation accelerated after the Crimea crisis in 2014 and culminated with the announcement in 2021 of the joint construction of the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS).

Launcher policy in Europe: from symbol to the market?

Date de publication
14 June 2012
Accroche

Launcher policy will be one of the major issues discussed at the upcoming ESA Council at Ministerial Level. Europe is at the crossroads, as it needs to find the adequate balance between political necessities (ensuring an autonomous access to space) and economic realities (reducing costs).

The Lisbon Treaty and the Evolution of European Space Governance

Date de publication
12 September 2013
Accroche

Until the adoption of the Lisbon treaty in December 2007, there was no explicit reference to space in the EU’s constitutive documents. While the European Space Agency has been active in space since the mid-1970s, the Union’s policy remained without a legal basis for space activities. Parallel to the treaties’ evolution however, the EU’s competences never stopped expanding to new fields, bringing it ever closer to space and its various applications. Creativity and dynamic uses of these existing competences have allowed the EU to progressively interfere with the space sector and to get closer to ESA.

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Space in a Changing Environment: a European Point of View