German-Polish Relations: Track Record and Perspectives
The birth of a ' Germano-Polish community of interests ' in Europe implies overcoming new challenges, whether it be in the form of historical debates, especially concerning the 'center against compulsions' or international security (war in Iraq, transatlantic relations) and European politics (European constitution). The Iraqi crisis, together with diverging views on transatlantic relations have widened the gap between Germany and Poland since Autumn 2002. Differences of opinion regarding the European Constitution have divided the two countries, at least for the moment.
The non-concomitance of foreign policy tradition, a sort of 'shock between civilizations', will not disappear with a compromise over the European Constitution and shall affect Germano-Polish relations and the good functioning of an enlarged European Union. The two countries do not have a strategy enabling them to construct a community of interest within the EU beyond the enlargement process. They will now have to redefine several facets of their relationship as neighbours and their common interests in Europe in an honest and friendly manner.
Germano-Polish multilateralism shall suddenly open unto multilateralism. Given the precursory role played by the Poles and the Germans before NATO enlargement regarding military cooperation and taking account of Poland's political importance for central European stability and well aware that the absence of common accord between the French and the Germans could block any future evolutions in the EU, it has once again become important to take a new look at trilateral relations ('the Weimar triangle').
This content is published in French - Les relations germano-polonaises : bilan et perspectives
Related centers and programs
Discover our other research centers and programsFind out more
Discover all our analysesFriedrich Merz and the Zeitenwende 2.0. A “New Era” for Transatlantic Relations?
On February 23, 2025, almost 60 million voters were called upon to elect a new Bundestag. These elections will also give rise to a new government in Europe's largest economy.
After the Elections: Germany in Search of Shaken Stability?
With a voter turnout of 82.5%, Germany recorded its highest participation since 1987—an increase of 6.1 percentage points compared to 2021. As in the previous election, the high turnout particularly benefited the Alternative for Germany (AfD), which was able to mobilize many former non-voters. Many voters sought to punish the outgoing government with their ballots, as its approval rating had dropped to just 14% before the coalition broke apart in November 2024. Germany is now very likely heading toward a grand coalition between the CDU/CSU and the SPD, with exploratory talks having begun on February 28.
The German Greens as an Alliance Party: The End of an Illusion?
At the Wiesbaden Congress in November 2024, Robert Habeck, currently Minister for the Economy and Climate, was nominated as the Green Party’s candidate for the Chancellorship in the early parliamentary elections on February 23, 2025. The party, founded 45 years ago, is now firmly established in the German political landscape. Wishing to turn the page on an unloved ‘‘traffic light’’ coalition, the party is banking on a personal campaign and an optimistic discourse based on the energy transition and social justice.
The rise of the AfD and the choice of radicalism
Founded in 2013, the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) has become increasingly radical as crises have unfolded. Since 2015-2016 and the massive influx of immigrants into Germany, it has positioned itself as a virulently anti-migrant party and continues to consolidate its foothold in the German political system, particularly in parliaments. While its roots are very strong in the eastern regions, where its main strongholds are located, it is also attracting more and more voters in the west, against an overall backdrop of normalization of the far right and a national context marked by strong economic and political destabilization.