In March 2000, the EU Member States decided to make Europe the 'economy the most competitive and dynamic in the world' from here 2010. Considering a structural delay of growth, the 'Lisbon strategy' has a global approach of policies of reform. Despite a revision of the strategy in 2005, it is being disputed so far because of a lack of proactiv engagement of the EU Member States ; also because of a lack of a constructive expression of necessary reforms. If the challenges are similary in France and in Germany, the analysis of the national reforms shows divergences in terms of approach.