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The Roots of a Quarter-Century of Violence Lie to the East of Congo (Kinshasa)

Politique étrangère Articles from Politique Etrangère
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Almost thirty years after the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda, the entire region remains unstable. After Paul Kagame came to power, 1.5 million Hutus fled to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. For the Rwandan president, they represented an unacceptable threat. There then followed the First and Second Congo Wars, the consequences of which are still apparent. The recent attacks perpetrated by  the M23 rebels are a new episode in this tragic story.

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Visuel article Braeckman PE4-2022
Corps analyses

Colette Braeckman, a Belgian journalist, was a senior reporter at Le Soir. A specialist in Africa, she has published several works on Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Article published in French only in Politique étrangère, Vol. 87, No. 4, Winter 2022.

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Digital Revolution, Economic Upheaval

Date de publication
05 March 2026
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The digital revolution is profoundly shaking up the economy, with the impact felt well beyond the digital sector itself. Indeed, it is transforming the very concept of value creation. Artificial intelligence represents a new phase that requires a colossal investment in physical infrastructure like data centers. Europe failed to grasp the scale of these changes in time, but it does have certain advantages. 

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Germany: The Return of Military Service?

Date de publication
05 March 2026
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Abolished in 2011, conscription returned to Germany in 2025, albeit in a new, voluntary form. The decision in 2011 was broadly supported. Public opinion, like the political sphere, is more divided now. The reintroduction of voluntary service for men reflects the demands of the geopolitical landscape and the Bundeswehr’s need for troops. It remains to be seen whether the model chosen will fulfill the requirements of defense chiefs.

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Foreword

Date de publication
30 December 2019
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In this special issue of Politique étrangère devoted to the proceedings of the conference organized by Ifri on April 10, 2019, in the Grand Amphitheater of the Sorbonne, on the occasion of its fortieth anniversary, read the foreword by Thierry de Montbrial, founder and president of Ifri.

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Europe and Africa

Date de publication
30 December 2019
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In this special issue of Politique étrangère devoted to the proceedings of the conference organized by Ifri on April 10, 2019, in the Grand Amphitheater of the Sorbonne, on the occasion of its fortieth anniversary, discover the conversation between Louise Mushikiwabo, Secretary General of La Francophonie and Thierrry de Montbrial, Founder and Executive Chairman of Ifri.

Louise MUSHIKIWABO Thierry de MONTBRIAL

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