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The assessment of the security interdependency in the Mediterranean has founded, after the Cold War, the Mediterranean Dialogue between NATO and some Southern countries. After September 11, this Dialogue has been adjusted towards antiterrorist cooperation. Its articulation with the 2004 Istanbul Initiative towards some Gulf countries remains ambiguous. Its global position towards the numerous political initiatives in the Mediterranean area is also unclear.Kassim Bouhou, doctoral student at the Paris III-Sorbonne nouvelle University, works on Mediterranean issues.