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The bombing of Samaraâ's Shiite mosque opened a 'mosque war' in 2006, creating a territorialized religious divide. The process of the division of the country into separate communities is exacerbating, as the absolute impotency of the authorities becomes evident and the militia phenomenon strengthens. The explosion of the country, in one form or another, is now an open hypothesis, with terrible consequences on the region's Sunni/Shia balance.

Myriam Benraad is graduate from the Institut d'études politiques (IEP) of Paris. Arabist and Specialist in Iraq, she completes a thesis on the identities issue in the post-war period (2003), around a critical examination of the 'Arab sunni phenomenon'.