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In September 2008 India signed a co-operation agreement on civil nuclear energy with the United States. So doing, it got rid of an embargo that lasted for several decades, due to India’s refusal to sign the NPT. This agreement has triggeredmany political debates in India and in the United States as well. Though the treaty is part of a new general design of the Indian diplomacy, it is very likely that it does not mean that New Delhi has radically changed its views on Washington.Raphaël Gutmann is Junior Research Fellow (India Program, Ifri) and a PhD student.