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After the parliamentary and Presidential elections, held respectively in January and March 2008, the Guomindang is back in power. Its success is due to a discourse defending the Taiwanese identity, as it was also promoted by the previous majority. The new president could see his room for manoeuvre limited by the “old guard” in the Guomindang, as well as by Beijing’s reluctance to give significant signals in favour of the coexistence of both entities.Tanguy Le Pesant is an assistant professor at the National Central University (Taiwan).