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Before any further enlargement, the EU will have to decide on the scope and substance of the institutional reforms in order to be able to continue financing its policies in a sustainable manner—with the budgetary aspects and the increased economic dynamism generated by accessions. One of the pillars of the enlargement strategy is conditionality. Good preparation by candidate countries facilitates their smooth integration. A closer link between progress in political reforms and the overall pace of negotiations has to exist.Maurice Guyader is main administrator at the European Commission and an associated teacher at Université Paris III Sorbonne-Nouvelle.