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The enlargements of the European Union have been a true economic and political success, but are not popular in Europe. The next step may take time. A breakup between the European and NATO enlargement processes is likely, the Alliance already favoring the opening to Georgia and Ukraine. The separation, or the new rapprochement, of these two processes will depend on the idea that their members have of the role and the future of these two organizations.F.Stephen Larrabee is Head of the Corporation Chair of European Security at the RAND Corporation (Washington, D.C.)