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After independence, Africa developed a continental bureaucracy with low efficiency. The continent’s marginalization in the 1990s has fuelled a new logic: the creation of the African Union, the development of sub-regional organizations, NEPAD, along with various other “bottom-up” integration processes. Perhaps Africa has reached the threshold of new types of organizations, dealing with cross-cutting issues by associating all actors, political or not.Abdou Diouf has been President of the Republic of Senegal since 1981 till 2000. He has turned his action into a multipartite policy, a liberalization of economy and a decentralization. In 2002, he became Secretary General of the International Organization of the Francophonie (OIF).