For more than a decade, Russia’s foreign policy has sought to challenge the international consensus on a number of issues. Today, as the international internet ecosystem is becoming more volatile, Moscow is eager to shift the western narrative over the current global internet governance regime, in which the United States retains considerable leverage. In a context wherein states increasingly forge links between cyberspace and foreign policy, this article explores Russia’s deepening involvement in internet governance. The disclosure by Edward Snowden of the US government’s wide net of online surveillance contributed to legitimize the Russian approach to controlling online activity. While the struggle around the narrative of internet governance has been heating up since then, Russia actively seeks to coordinate internet governance and cyber security policies with likeminded states in both regional forums and the United Nations. By introducing security concerns and advocating more hierarchy and a greater role for governments, Moscow is contributing to the politicization of global cyber issues and seeking to reshape the network in accordance with its own domestic political interests. Indeed, the Russian leadership has come to consider the foreign policy of the internet as the establishment of a new US-led hegemonic framework that Washington would use to subvert other sovereign states with its own world views and values.

L’équation de la politique étrangère du Maroc semble être profondément marquée tant par le poids des déterminants géopolitique, géoéconomique et géoculturel que par un comportement international segmenté en quatre sous-espaces, selon leur utilité pour la posture géostratégique du Maroc.

Le principal enjeu pour l’émergence économique du Maroc, en tant que pays à revenu intermédiaire, réside dans l’accélération de sa croissance. 

La Turquie, considérée comme un grand émergent à beaucoup d’égards, est toutefois un pays de taille moyenne et sans ressources propres, qui peine à obtenir les moyens de ses ambitions. Au vu de ces contraintes, Ankara tente constamment d’impressionner à travers sa doctrine politique et sa communication offensive.