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Anglo-Kenyan Relations (1920-2024) : Conflict, Alliance and a Redemptive Arc

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This article provides an evidentiary basis for postcolonial policy in its analysis of Anglo-Kenyan relations in a decolonization era.

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Illustration Inaya Khan
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It traces the political trajectory of the interaction between the two countries from the foundation of Kenya as a Crown Colony in 1920 to the present day. The article argues that Anglo-Kenyan cooperation today is represented by a redemptive arc from a violently contentious colonial past to a stable alliance, which has remained unaffected by civilian calls for the restitution of land expropriated during the colonial era (1920-1963); and financial reparations for war crimes committed by the counterinsurgency during the Mau Mau Emergency (1952-1960).

Study produced by the French Institute for Research in Africa (IFRA-Nairobi) for the Direction générale des relations internationales et de la stratégie du ministère des Armées. It has been carried out through a partnership between the Observatory of Central and East Africa and the French Institute of International Relations (Ifri).

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979-10-373-1004-0

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Anglo-Kenyan Relations (1920-2024) : Conflict, Alliance and a Redemptive Arc

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Subsaharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa Center
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Founded in 2007, Ifri's Sub-Saharan Africa center produces an in-depth analysis of the African continent and its security, geopolitical, political and socio-economic dynamics (in particular the phenomenon of urbanization). The Center aims to be both, through various publications and conferences, a space for disseminating analyzes intended for the media and the public but also a decision-making tool for political and economic actors with regard to the continent.

The center produces analyses for various organizations such as the Ministry of the Armed Forces, the Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the French Development Agency (AFD) and even for various private supports. Its researchers are regularly interviewed by parliamentary committees.

The organization of events of various formats complements the production of analyzes by bringing the different spheres of the public space (academic, political, media, economic and civil society) to meet and exchange analytical tools and visions of the continent. The Sub-Saharan Africa Center regularly welcomes political leaders from different sub-Saharan African countries.

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Macro view of a political map of Ethiopia
East and Central Africa Observatory
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The East and Central Africa Observatory is a 3-year research project (2023-2025) that Ifri is carrying out jointly with the French Institute of Research in Africa (IFRA) in Nairobi for the French Ministry of Defense, and more specifically its International Relations and Strategy Division (DGRIS). This observatory focuses on the main political, security and geopolitical developments taking place in the geographical areas covered by itself. This is achieved through the regular production of research notes, in English or French and the organization of an annual seminar around a key theme. For our research notes and conferences, we call on internationally acknowledged experts in the topics covered. This Observatory began in 2016, under the title of Observatory of Central and Southern Africa within Ifri's Sub-Saharan Africa Center. 55 notes were drafted between 2016 and 2020.

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When City Diplomacy Meets Geopolitics: A Framework to Help Cities Navigate Geopolitical Risk

Date de publication
27 February 2025
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Crises and the increasing polarization of international relations make political risk analysis an indispensable resource for internationally active public and private entities. 

Lorenzo KIHLGREN GRANDI Cecilia Emma SOTTILOTTA
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The United Nations Mission in Congo or the exemplary uselessness of the United Nations peacekeepers

Date de publication
07 February 2025
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During the M23 conflict in 2012-2013 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the United Nations (UN) took the diplomatic initiative (by initiating the Addis Ababa agreement) and the military initiative (by launching a coordinated counter-offensive with the Congolese army). Since the resurgence of this conflict in 2022, the United Nations, which still has more than 10,000 peacekeepers deployed in eastern DRC, no longer plays any role. 

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Rebooting Italy's Africa Policy: Making the Mattei Plan Work

Date de publication
25 November 2024
Accroche

Against the backdrop of increasing anti-French rhetoric across parts of Francophone Africa, the relative failure of the counterinsurgency operation in the central Sahel (Operation Barkhane) and diplomatic rifts with several Sahelian countries, Paris has been rethinking its relationship with the continent for several years now. As a former imperial power that has seen its colonial domain in Africa gain independence between 1956 (Morocco-Tunisia) and 1977 (Djibouti), France has invented two successive roles for itself in Africa since 1960, particularly in French-speaking sub-Saharan Africa.

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The dilemma of the Franco-African military relationship: reinvent or turn the page?

Date de publication
18 November 2024
Accroche

The origins of military presence and cooperation in Africa can be traced back to the tacit decolonization pact between the countries of French-speaking Africa. This cooperation led to the creation of African armies in the former colonies, as part of a project to prevent the spread of communism and maintain France's influence in the newly independent countries. 

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Anglo-Kenyan Relations (1920-2024) : Conflict, Alliance and a Redemptive Arc