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Like any international agreement, the NPT includes a withdrawal clause. North Korean withdrawal, which was announced in 1993 and became effective in 2003, shows howdifficult it is to preserve this possibility,while guaranteeing compliance with signed agreements. To achieve this target, two conditions are required: first, enhancing the means by which the reasons for withdrawals can be made clear and second, to allow the Security Council to draw all the consequences of withdrawals that could imply that a treaty has been violated.Grégory Boutherin, docteur en droit, est officier de l'armée de l'air (Centre de recherche de l'armée de l’air, CreA/EOAA), membre du Centre d'études et de recherches internationales et communautaires (CERIC/CNRS - Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille-III) et chercheur associé au Centre d’études de sécurité internationale et de maîtrise des armements (CESIM). Il est notamment l’auteur de La Lutte contre la prolifération des armes de destruction massive (Paris, La Documentation française, 2007).