ArchivesRobert Rochefort (1911-2005) is Advisor of Robert Schuman, when he is at the French Council (1947-1948) and at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1948-1953). He participated to the creation of the Haut commissariat aux réfugiés (HCR) in 1951 and represented France to United Nations Oraganization. Three years after the Brussels resolution which funds the first form of the Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM), this article analyzes the problematics of population of after-World War II, as the question of millions people whose the destoryed Europe seems not to be able to nourrish. This text has been published for the first time in Politique étrangère, n° 2/1954.