The French Army and the Military Revolution of the First World War
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In 1914 the firepower of modern weaponry produced a massacre. To limit losses, the warring parties dug themselves into trenches. The French army was forced to innovate.
Infantry and artillery underwent major transformations. Military doctrine evolved to integrate new technologies – tanks and aircraft in particular – into tactical planning. By 1918 the French army, more powerful and more mobile than its opponent, eventually defeated Germany.
Published in Politique étrangère, Vol. 79, No. 1, Spring 2014