The reasons for this include the incomplete stabilization of the region and real difficulties in bringing about the internal reforms required by the accession process, but also contradictions and nervousness on the part of European Union member states. Brussels needs to adopt a new, more gradual approach, one that is better aligned with the considerable “European expectations” still held by the majority of citizens in these countries.

Pierre Mirel is Honorary Director General at the European Commission.

Article published in Politique étrangère, Vol. 87, No. 4, Winter 2022.